Publications

2023

Y. Nelson, A. Irshad, S. Kim, M. Waddington, C. Salamat, M. Gembicky, A. Rheingold, V. Carta, S. Tolbert, S. Narayan, A. Spokoyny. Vertex Differentiation Strategy for Tuning the Physical Properties of closo-Dodecaborate Weakly Coordinating Anions. Preprint (2023); DOI: .

D. Robertson and S. Tolbert. A direct and clean route to MXenes. Science. 379, 6638, 1189-1190 (2023); DOI: 10.1126/science.ade9914.

S. Patel, C. Karaba, D. Robertson, J. Chang, K. Fitzell, C. Salamat, J. Chang, S. Tolbert. Increased Magnetoelectric Coupling in Porous Nanocomposites of CoFe2O4 and BiFeO3 with Residual Porosity for Switchable Magnetic Devices. ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 6, 6, 4141-4150 (2023); DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.2c04888.

S. Hu, L. Pangilinan, C. Turner, R. Mohammadi, A. Kavner, R. Kaner, S. Tolbert. Exploring the hardness and high-pressure behavior of osmium and ruthenium-doped rhenium diboride solid solutions. APL Mater. 11, 031108 (2023); DOI: 10.1063/5.0135620.

E. Wu, C. Salamat, O. Ruiz, T. Qu, A. Kim, S. Tolbert, B. Schwartz. Counterion Control and the Spectral Signatures of Polarons, Coupled Polarons, and Bipolarons in Doped P3HT Films. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2213652 (2023); DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202213652.

A. Well-Cole, J. Hart, M. Matzelle, A. Podpirka, N. Bhattacharjee, S. Patel, S. Tolbert, A. Bansil, J. Cha, D. Heiman, N. Sun. Antiferromagnetic FeTe2 1T−phase formation at the Sb2Te3/Ni80Fe20 interface. Phys Review Materials. 7, 024406 (2023); DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.7.024406.

S. Baek, K. Wyckoff, D. Robertson, M. Frajnkovic, Y. Zhou, S. Tolbert, R. Seshadri, L. Pilon. Operando Calorimetry Investigation of Particle Size Effects on Heat Generation in Wadsley–Roth (W0.2V0.8)3O7-Based Electrodes. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 6, 3, 1355–1367 (2023); DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.2c03150.

G. Kashanchi, S. King, S. Ju, A. Dashti, R. Martinez, Y.-K. Lin, V. Wall, P. McNeil, M. Marszewski, L. Pilon, S. Tolbert. Using Small Angle X-ray Scattering to Examine the Aggregation Mechanism in Silica Nanoparticle-Based Ambigels for Improved Optical Clarity. J. Chem. Phys. 158, 034702 (2023); DOI: 10.1063/5.0130811.

S. Patel, C. Karaba, S. Tolbert. Delineating magnetization dynamics in solution-processed doped yttrium garnet thin films. J. Appl. Phys. 133, 014102 (2023); DOI: 10.1063/5.0119353.

J. Cook, J. Ko, T. Lin, D. Robertson, H.-S. Kim, Y. Yan, Y. Yao, B. Dunn, S. Tolbert. Ultrafast Sodium Intercalation Pseudocapacitance in MoS2 Facilitated by Phase Transition Suppression. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 6, 1, 99-108 (2023); DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.2c02368.

2022

V. Wall, S. King, G. Kashanchi, S. Li, M. Li, T. Galy, D. Harry, S. Ju, M. Marszewski, L. Pilon, Y. Hu, S. Tolbert. Understanding the Effect of Nanoparticle Size on Thermal Conductivity in Amorphous Nanoporous Materials Made from Colloidal Building Blocks. J. Phys. Chem. C. 126, 18029-18035 (2022); DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c05444.

B. Zayat, R. Elizalde-Sogovia, P. Das, C. Salamat, A. Irshad, S. Tolbert, B. Thompson, S. R. Narayanan. The Role of Functionalized Conducting Polymer Binders in Improving Power Density and Cycle Life of Lithium-Sulfur Batteries. J. Electrochem. Soc. 169, 100515 (2022); DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ac9551.

R. Yalcin, T. Lee, G. Kashanci, J. Markkanen, R. Martinez, S. Tolbert, L. Pilon. Dependent Scattering in Thick and Concentrated Colloidal Suspensions. ACS Photonics. 9, 3318-3332 (2022); DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.2c00664.

Y. Yan, H.-S. Kim, J. Cook, S. Robbennolt, B. Dunn, S. Tolbert. Mesoporous MoO2 thin films for high rate Li+ storage: Effect of crystallinity and porous structure. Solid State Sci. 129, 106890 (2022); DOI: 10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2022.106890.

L. Pangilinan, S. Hu, C. Turner, J. Yan, A. Kavner, R. Mohammadi, S. Tolbert, R. Kaner. Enhanced Hardening Effects on Molybdenum-Doped WB2 and WB2–SiC/B4C Composites. Chem. Mater. 34, 5461-5470 (2022); DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.2c00386.

E. Wu, C. Salamat, S. Tolbert, B. Schwartz. Molecular Dynamics Study of the Thermodynamics of Integer Charge Transfer vs Charge-Transfer Complex Formation in Doped Conjugated Polymers. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 14, 26988-27001 (2022); DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c06449.

S. Huang, C. Karaba, S. Patel, A. Neal, S. Tolbert, J. Marian. Simulating the non-monotonic strain response of nanoporous multiferroic composites under electric field control. Appl. Phys. Lett. 120, 213501 (2022); DOI: 10.1063/5.0090252.

A. Buditama, K. Fitzell, D. Chien, C. Karaba, S. Patel, H. Kang, J. Chang, S. Tolbert. Strain transfer in porous multiferroic composites of CoFe2O4 and PbZrxTi(1−x)O3. Appl, Phys. Lett. 120, 192902 (2022); DOI: 10.1063/5.0090702.

Y. Yan, M. Chin, D. Robertson, B. Lesel, S. Tolbert. Tuning the Porous Structure in PMMA-Templated Mesoporous MoO2 for Pseudocapacitive Li-Ion Electrodes. J. Electrochem. Soc. 169, 040545 (Year); DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ac63f8.

J. Andrews, E. McClure, K. Jew, M. Preefer, A. Irshad, M. Lertola, D. Robertson, C. Salamat, M. Brady, L. Piper, S. Tolbert, J. Nelson Weker, B. Chmelka, B. Dunn, S. Narayan, W. West, B. Melot. Room Temperature Electrochemical Fluoride (De) Insertion into the Defect Pyrochlore CsMnFeF6. ACS Energy Lett. 7, 2340-2348 (2022); DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.2c01324

S. Sasaki, O. Udalov, J. Kurish, M. Ishii, I. Beloborodov, S. Tolbert. Tuning Exchange Coupling in a New Family of Nanocrystal-Based Granular Multiferroics Using an Applied Electric Field. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 14, 16505-16514 (2022); DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c20599.

S. Kim, D. Agyeman-Budu, J. Zak, A. Dawson, Q. Yan, M. Caban-Acevedo, K. Wiaderek, A. Yakovenko, Y. Yao, A. Irshad, S. Narayan, J. Luo, J. Weker, S. Tolbert, K. See. "Promoting Reversibility of Multielectron Redox in Alkali-Rich Sulfide Cathodes through Cryomilling." Chem. Mater., 34, 3236-3245 (2022); DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.2c00030.

P. Das, R. Elizalde-Segovia, B. Zayat, C. Z. Salamat, G. Pace, K. Zhai, R. Vincent, B. Dunn, R. Segalman, S. Tolbert, S. Narayan, B. Thompson. "Enhancing the Ionic Conductivity of Poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophenes) with Oligoether Side Chains for Use as Conductive Cathode Binders in Lithium-Ion Batteries" Chem. Mater., 34, 2672-2686 (2022); DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.1c03971.

Q. Yan, S.-T. Ko, A. Dawson, D. Agyeman-Budu, G. Whang, Y. Zhao, M. Qin, B. S. Dunn, J. N. Weker, S. Tolbert, J. Luo. "Transparent silica aerogel slabs synthesized from nanoparticle colloidal suspensions at near ambient conditions on omniphobic liquid substrates" Cell Rep. Phys. Sci., 3, 100694 (2022); DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrp.2021.100694.

M. Marszewski, S. C. King, T. Gay, G. N. Kashanchi, A. Dashti, Y. Yan, M. Li, D. M. Butts, P. E. McNeil, E. Lan, B. Dunn, Y. Hu, S. H. Tolbert, L. Pilon. "Transparent silica aerogel slabs synthesized from nanoparticle colloidal suspensions at near ambient conditions on omniphobic liquid substrates" J. Colloid Interace Sci., 606, 884-897 (2022); DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.07.159.

2021

M. Marszewski, A. Dashti, P. McNeil, M. Fox, V. Wall, D. Butts, S. King, G. Kashanchi, S. H. Tolbert, B. Dunn, L. Pilon. "Elastic and plastic mechanical properties of nanoparticle-based silica aerogels and xerogels." Micropor. Mesopor. Mat., 330, 111569 (2021); DOI: 10.1016/j.micromeso.2021.111569.

K.J. Winchell, M. Voss, B. Schwartz, S. H. Tolbert. "Understanding the Effects of Confinement and Crystallinity on HJ-Coupling in Conjugated Polymers via Alignment and Isolation in an Oriented Mesoporous Silica Host." J. Phys. Chem. C., 125, 23240-23249 (2021); DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c05844.

S. Sasaki, J. Kurish, S. Robbennolt, Y. Yan, E. Garcia, S. H. Tolbert, "Covalent Bonding-Based Adhesion Method for Rigidly Coupling Metal Nanocrystals to Metal and Metal Oxide Surfaces" ACS Appl. Nano Mater., 4, 3426-3433 (2021); DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.0c03246.

D. A. Stanfield, Y. Wu, S. H. Tolbert, B. J. Schwartz, "Controlling the Formation of Charge Transfer Complexes in Chemically Doped Semiconducting Polymers" Chem. Mater., 33, 2343-2356 (2021); DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c04471.

M. Jacobs, X. Zhou, E. Olivera, R. Sheil, S. Huang, M. Marszewski, J. Chang, S. Tolbert, S. Osher, L. Pilon, J. Marian, "Room temperature rectification in tapered-channel thermal diodes through nanoscale confinement-induced liquid–solid phase change" J. Appl. Phys., 129, 075103 (2021); DOI: 10.1063/5.0036742.

E. Simsek, K. Zhu, G. N. Kashanchi, M. J. Williams, T. Galy, M. Marszewski, S. H. Tolbert, L. Pilon "Light Transfer through Semi-transparent Glass Panes Supporting Pendant Droplets" J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 261, 107493 (2021); DOI: 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2020.107493.

G. A. Vinnacombe-Willson, N. Chiang, P. S. Weiss, S. H. Tolbert, L. Scarabelli, "Seeded-Growth Experiment Demonstrating Size- and Shape-Dependence on Gold Nanoparticle–Light Interactions" J. Chem. Educ., 98, 546-552 (2021); DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.0c01150.

2020

M. G. Voss, J. R. Challa, D. T. Scholes, P. Y. Yee, E. C. Wu, X. Liu, S. J. Park, O. León Ruiz, S. Subramaniyan, M. Chen, S. A. Jenekhe, X. Wang, S. H. Tolbert, B. J. Schwartz "Driving Force and Optical Signatures of Bipolaron Formation in Chemically Doped Conjugated Polymers" Adv. Mater., 2000228 (2020); DOI: 10.1002/adma.202000228.

S. C. King, M. Li, T. Galy, Y. Yan, J. S. Kang, V. M. Basile, Y. L. Li, M. Marszewski, L. Pilon, Y. Hu, S. H. Tolbert "Examining the Role of Atomic Scale Heterogeneity on the Thermal Conductivity of Transparent, Thermally Insulating, Mesoporous Silica–Titania Thin Films" J. Phys. Chem. C., 124, 27442-27452, (2020); DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c06697.

D. M. Butts, P. E. McNeil, M. Marszewski, E. Lan, T. Galy, M. Li, J. S. Kang, D. Ashby, S. King, S. H. Tolbert, Y. Hu, L. Pilon, B. S. Dunn, "Engineering Mesoporous Silica for Superior Optical and Thermal Properties" MRS Energy & Sustainability, 7, E39, (2020); DOI: 10.1557/mre.2020.40.

Q. Yan, S.-T. Ko, Y. Zhao, G. Whang, A. Dawson, S. H. Tolbert, B. S. Dunn, J. Luo, "Cryogenic Milling Method to Fabricate Nanostructured Anodes" ACS Appl. Energy Mater., 3, 11285-11292, (2020); DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.0c02209.

T. C. Lin, A. Dawson, S. C. King, Y. Yan, D. S. Ashby, J. A. Mazzetti, B. S. Dunn, J. Nelson Weker, S. H. Tolbert, "Understanding Stabilization in Nanoporous Intermetallic Alloy Anodes for Li-Ion Batteries Using Operando Transmission X-ray Microscopy" ACS Nano, 14, 14820-14830, (2020); DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c03756.

K. E. Wyckoff, D. D. Robertson, M. B. Preefer, S. M. L. Teicher, J. Bienz, L. Kautzsch, T. E. Mates, J. A. Cooley, S. H. Tolbert, R. Seshadri, "High-Capacity Li+ Storage through Multielectron Redox in the Fast-Charging Wadsley–Roth Phase (W0.2V0.8)3O7" Chem. Mater., 32, 9415-9424, (2020); DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c03496.

P. Das, B. Zayat, Q. Wei, C. Z. Salamat, I.-B. Magdău, R. Elizalde-Segovia, D. Rawlings, D. Lee, G. Pace, A. Irshad, L. Ye, A. Schmitt, R. A. Segalman, T. F. Miller III, S. H. Tolbert, B. S. Dunn, S. R. Narayan, B. C. Thompson, "Dihexyl-Substituted Poly(3,4-Propylenedioxythiophene) as a Dual Ionic and Electronic Conductive Cathode Binder for Lithium-Ion Batteries" Chem. Mater., 32, 9176-9189, (2020); DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c02601.

Y. L. Li, C.-T. Zee, J. B. Lin, V. M. Basile, M. Muni, M. D. Flores, J. Munárriz, R. B. Kaner, A. N. Alexandrova, K. N. Houk, S. H. Tolbert, Y. Rubin, "Fjord-Edge Graphene Nanoribbons with Site-Specific Nitrogen Substitution" J. Am. Chem., 142, 18093-18102, (2020); DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c07657.

Q. Yan, G. Whang, Z. Wei, S.-T. Ko, P. Sautet, S. H. Tolbert, B. S. Dunn, J. Luo, "A Perspective on Interfacial Engineering of Lithium Metal Anodes and Beyond" Appl. Phys. Lett., 117, 080504, (2020); DOI: 10.1063/5.0018417.

L. Peng, Z. Wei, C. Wan, J. Li, Z. Chen, D. Zhu, D. Baumann, H. Liu, C. S. Allen, X. Xu, A. I. Kirkland, I. Shakir, Z. Almutairi, S. Tolbert, B. Dunn, Y. Huang, P. Sautet, X. Duan, "A fundamental look at electrocatalytic sulfur reduction reaction" Nat. Catal., 3, 762-770, (2020); DOI: 10.1038/s41929-020-0498-x.

T. C. Lin, Y. Yan, S. C. King, C.-H. Lai, S. H. Tolbert, "Fast-Charging Cathodes from Polymer-Templated Mesoporous LiVPO4F" ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 12, 33775-33784, (2020); DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c08709.

T. J. Aubry, K. J. Winchell, C. Z. Salamat, V. M. Basile, J. R. Lindemuth, J. M. Stauber, J. C. Axtell, R. M. Kubena, M. D. Phan, M. J. Bird, A. M. Spokoyny, S. H. Tolbert, B. J. Schwartz, "Tunable Dopants with Intrinsic Counterion Separation Reveal the Effects of Electron Affinity on Dopant Intercalation and Free Carrier Production in Sequentially Doped Conjugated Polymer Films" Adv. Func. Mater. , 2001800, (2020); DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202001800.

Y. Yan, M. Li, S. King, T. Galy, M. Marszewski, J. S. Kang, L. Pilon, Y. Hu, S. H. Tolbert, "Controlling Thermal Conductivity in Mesoporous Silica Films Using Pore Size and Nanoscale Architecture" J. Phys. Chem. Lett. , 11, 3731-3737, (2020); DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00464.

T. Galy, M. Marszewski, S. King, Y. Yan, S. H. Tolbert, L. Pilon, "Comparing Methods For Measuring Thickness, Refractive Index, and Porosity of Mesoporous Thin Films" Microporous and Mesoporous Mater., 291, 109677, (2020); DOI: 10.1016/j.micromeso.2019.109677.

2019

Y. Yan, S. C. King, M. Li, T. Galy, M. Marszewski, J. S. Kang, L. Pilon, Y. Hu, S. H. Tolbert, "Exploring the Effect of Porous Structure on Thermal Conductivity in Templated Mesoporous Silica Films." J. Phys. Chem. C., 123, 21721-21730, (2019); DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b03767.

M. T. Fontana, D. A. Stanfield, D. T. Scholes, K. J. Winchell, S. H. Tolbert, B. J. Schwartz, "Evaporation vs Solution Sequential Doping of Conjugated Polymers: F4TCNQ Doping of Micrometer-Thick P3HT Films for Thermoelectrics." J. Phys. Chem. C., 123, 22711-22724, (2019); DOI: 0.1021/acs.jpcc.9b05069.

P. Y. Yee, D. T. Scholes, B. J. Schwartz, S. H. Tolbert, "Dopant-Induced Ordering of Amorphous Regions in Regiorandom P3HT." J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 10, 4929-4934, (2019); DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02070.

J. Lei, S. Hu, C. L. Turner, K. Zeng, M. T. Yeung, J. Yan, R. B. Kaner, S. H. Tolbert, "Synthesis and High-Pressure Mechanical Properties of Superhard Rhenium/Tungsten Diboride Nanocrystals." , ACS Nano, 13, 10036-10048, (2019); DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b02103.

M. Marszewski, S. C. King, Y. Yan, T. Galy, M. Li, A. Dashti, D. M. Butts, J. S. Kang, P. E. McNeil, E. Lan, B. Dunn, Y. Hu, S. H. Tolbert, L. Pilon, "Thick Transparent Nanoparticle-Based Mesoporous Silica Monolithic Slabs for Thermally Insulating Window Materials." ACS Appl. Nano Mater., 2, 4547-4555, (2019); DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.9b00903.

A. Khademhosseini, A. E. Nel, H. Bunje, C. J. DeSantis, A. M. Andrews, R. A. Blaik, Z. Gu, H. Meng, A. Ozcan, S. H. Tolbert, T. Xia, J. I. Zink, P. S. Weiss, "Nanoscience and Nanotechnology at UCLA" ACS Nano, 13, 6127–6129, (2019); DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b04680.

J. Lei, G. Akopov, M.T. Yeung, J. Yan, R.B. Kaner, S.H. Tolbert, "Radial X-Ray Diffraction Study of Superhard Early Transition Metal Dodecaborides under High Pressure." Adv. Funct. Mater., 29, 1900293, (2019); DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201900293.

J.B. Cook, T.C. Lin, H.-S. Kim, A. Siordia, B.S. Dunn, S.H. Tolbert, "Suppression of Electrochemically Driven Phase Transitions in Nanostructured MoS2 Pseudocapacitors Probed Using Operando X-ray Diffraction." ACS Nano, 13, 1223–1231, (2019); DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b06381.

X. Xiao, P. Urbankowski, K. Hantanasirisakul, Y. Yang, S. Sasaki, L. Yang, C. Chen, H. Wang, L. Miao, S.H. Tolbert, S.J.L. Billinge, H.D. Abruña S.J. May, Y. Gogotsi "Scalable Synthesis of Ultrathin Mn3N2 Exhibiting Room Temperature Antiferromagnetism." Adv. Funct. Mater., 29, 1809001, (2019); DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201809001.

E.L. Kynaston, K.J. Winchell, P.Y. Yee, J.G. Manion, A.D. Hendsbee, Y. Li, S. Huettner, S.H. Tolbert, D.S. Seferos, "Poly (3-alkylthiophene)-block-poly(3-alkylselenophene)s: Conjugated Diblock Co-polymers with Atypical Self-Assembly Behavior." ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 11, 7174–7183 (2019); DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b18795,

T.J. Aubry, J.C. Axtell, V.M. Basile, K.J. Winchell, J.R. Lindemuth, T.M. Porter, J. Liu, A.N. Alexandrova, C.P. Kubiak, S.H. Tolbert, "Dodecaborane-Based Dopants Designed to Shield Anion Electrostatics Lead to Increased Carrier Mobility in a Doped Conjugated Polymer." Adv Mater., 31, 1805647 (2019); DOI: 10.1002/adma.201805647.

J. Lei, M.T. Yeung, R. Mohammadi, C.L. Turner, J. Yan, R.B. Kaner, S.H. Tolbert, "Understanding the mechanism of hardness enhancement in tantalum-substituted tungsten monoboride solid solutions." Journal of Applied Physics, 125, 082529 (2019); DOI: 10.1063/1.5054616.

2018

D.T. Scholes, P.Y. Yee, G.R. McKeown, S. Li, H. Kang, J.R. Lindemuth, X. Xia, S.C. King, D.S. Seferos, S.H. Tolbert, "Designing Conjugated Polymers for Molecular Doping: The Roles of Crystallinity, Swelling, and Conductivity in Sequentially-Doped Selenophene-Based Copolymers." Chem. Mater., 31, 73-82 (2018); DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b02648.

P. Moni, J. Lau, A.C. Mohr, T.C. Lin, S.H. Tolbert, B. Dunn, K.K. Gleason, "Growth Temperature and Electrochemical Performance in Vapor-Deposited Poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Thin Films for High-Rate Electrochemical Energy Storage." ACS Appl. Energy Mater., 1,7093-7105 (2018); DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.8b01529.

O. Ruiz, M. Cochrane, M. Li, Y. Yan, K. Ma, J. Fu, Z. Wang, S.H. Tolbert, V.B. Shenoy, E. Detsi, "Enhanced Cycling Stability of Macroporous Bulk Antimony-Based Sodium-Ion Battery Anodes Enabled through Active/Inactive Composites." Advanced Energy Materials, 8, 1801781 (2018); DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201801781.

S. Fischer, J. Roeser, T.C. Lin, R.H. DeBlock, J. Lau, B.S. Dunn, F. Hoffmann, M. Fröba, A. Thomas, S.H. Tolbert, "A Metal-Organic Framework with Tetrahedral Aluminate Sites as a Single-Ion Li+ Solid Electrolyte." Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 130, 16925-16929 (2018); DOI: 10.1002/anie.201808885.

B.-A. Mei, J. Lau, T. Lin, S.H. Tolbert, B. Dunn, and L. Pilon, "Physical Interpretations of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy of Redox Active Electrodes." J. Phys. Chem. C, 122, 24499-24511 (2018); DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b05241.

M.T. Fontana, H. Kang, P.Y. Yee, Z.W. Fan, S.A. Hawks, L.T. Schelhas, S. Subramaniyan, Y.J. Hwang, S.A. Jenekhe, S.H. Tolbert, B.J. Schwartz, "Solvent Additives Function as Polymer Swelling Agents in Bulk Heterojunction Organic Photovoltaics." J. Phys. Chem. C 122, 16574–16588 (2018); DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b04192.

T.J. Aubry, A.S. Ferreira, P.Y. Yee, J.C. Aguirre, S.A. Hawks, M.T. Fontana, B.J. Schwartz, S.H. Tolbert, "Methods for Obtaining a Face-On Crystalline Domain Orientation in Conjugated Polymer-Based Photovoltaics." J. Phys. Chem. C 122, 15078–15089 (2018); DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b02859.

E. Detsi, X. Petrissans, Y. Yan, J.B. Cook, Z.L. Deng, Y.L. Liang, B. Dunn, S.H. Tolbert, "Tuning ligament shape in dealloyed nanoporous tin and the impact of nanoscale morphology on its applications in Na-ion alloy battery anodes." Phys. Rev. Materials 2, 055404 (2018); DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.2.055404.

M. Marszewski, D. Butts, E. Lan, Y. Yan, S.C. King, P.E. McNeil, T. Galy, B. Dunn, S.H. Tolbert, Y.J. Hu, L. Pilon, "Effect of surface hydroxyl groups on heat capacity of mesoporous silica." Appl. Phys. Lett. 112, 201903 (2018); DOI: 10.1063/1.5027080.

Z. Xiao, K.P. Mohanchandra, R. Lo Conte, C.T. Karaba, J.D. Schneider, A. Chavez, S. Tiwari, H. Sohn, M.E. Nowakowski, A. Scholl, S.H. Tolbert, J. Bokor, G.P. Carman, R.N. Candler, "Enhanced magnetoelectric coupling in a composite multiferroic system via interposing a thin film polymer." AIP Advances 8, 055907 (2018); DOI: 10.1063/1.5007655.

C.H. Lai, D.S. Ashby, T.C. Lin, J. Lau, A. Dawson, S.H. Tolbert, B.S. Dunn, "Application of Poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) as a Protective Coating for High Rate Cathode Materials." Chem. Mater. 30, 2589–2599 (2018); DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b05116.

J.L. Lei, M.T. Yeung, P.J. Robinson, R. Moharnmadi, C.L. Turner, J.Y. Yan, A. Kavner, A.N. Alexandrova, R.B. Kaner, S.H. Tolbert, "Understanding How Bonding Controls Strength Anisotropy in Hard Materials by Comparing the High-Pressure Behavior of Orthorhombic and Tetragonal Tungsten Monoboride." J. Phys. Chem. C 122, 5647–5656 (2018); DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b11478.

2017

D.T. Scholes, P.Y. Yee, J.R. Lindemuth, H. Kang, J. Onorato, R. Gosh, C.K. Luscombe, F.C. Spano, S.H. Tolbert, B.J. Schwartz, "The Effects of Crystallinity on Charge Transport and the Structure of Sequentially Processed F4TCNQ-Doped Conjugated Polymer Films." Advanced Functional Materials 27, 1702654 (2017); DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201702654.

A.C. Serino, J.S. Ko, M.T. Yeung, J.J. Schwartz, C.B. Kang, S.H. Tolbert, R.B. Kaner, B.S. Dunn, P.S. Weiss, "Lithium-Ion Insertion Properties of Solution Exfoliated Germanane." ACS Nano 11, 7995-8001 (2017); DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b02589.

X. Ma, G.Q. Yu, S.A. Rasavi, S.S. Sasaki, X. Li, K. Hao, S.H. Tolbert, K.L. Wang, X.Q. Li, "Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interaction across an Antiferromagnet-Ferromagnet Interface." Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 027202 (2017); DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.027202.

Lesel, B. K.; Cook, J. B.; Yan, Y.; Lin, T.; Tolbert, S. H. "Kinetic Analysis of the Pseudocapacitive Characteristics of LiMn2O4 Nanoporous Powders of Various Crystallite Sizes." ACS Energy Letters, 2, 2293–2298, (2017); DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.7b00634

J.B. Cook, H.-S. Kim, T.C. Lin, S. Robbennolt, E. Detsi, B. Dunn, S.H. Tolbert, “Tuning Porosity and Surface Area in Mesoporous Silicon for Application in Li-ion Battery Electrodes.” ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 9, 19063–19073 (2017); DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b16447.

J.B. Cook, E. Detsi, Y. Liu, Y.-L. Liang, H.-S. Kim, X. Petrissans, B. Dunn, S.H. Tolbert, “Nanoporous Tin with a Granular Hierarchical Ligament Morphology as a Highly Stable Li-Ion Battery Anode.” ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 9, 293−303, (2017); DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b09014.

J.B. Cook, T.C. Lin, E. Detsi, J. Nelson Weker, S.H. Tolbert “Using X-ray Microscopy To Understand How Nanoporous Materials Can Be Used To Reduce The Large Volume Change In Alloy Anodes.” Nano Lett., 17, 870−877 (2017); DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b04181.

X. Li, K. Fitzell, D. Wu, C.T. Karaba, A. Buditama, G. Yu, K.L. Wong, N. Altieri, C. Grezes, N. Kioussis, S. Tolbert, Z. Zhang, J.P. Chang, P. Khalili Amiri, K.L. Wang “Enhancement of Voltage-Controlled Magnetic Anisotropy Through Precise Control Of Mg Insertion Thickness at CoFeBǀMgO Interface.” Appl. Phys. Lett. 110, 052401 (2017); DOI: 10.1063/1.4975160.

H.-S. Kim, J.B. Cook, H. Lin, J.S. Ko, Sarah H. Tolbert, V. Ozolins , B. Dunn “Oxygen Vacancies Enhance Pseudocapacitive Charge Storage Properties of MoO3-x.” Nature Mater. 16, 454-460 (2017); DOI:10.1038/nmat4810.

2016

J.B. Cook, H.-S. Kim, T.C. Lin, C.-H. Lai, B. Dunn, S.H. Tolbert, “Pseudocapacitive Charge Storage in Thick Composite MoS2 Nanocrystal Based Electrodes. Adv. Energy Mater. 1601283 (2016). DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201601283.

B.K. Lesel, J.S. Ko, B. Dunn, S.H. Tolbert, “Mesoporous Lix Mn2O4 Thin Film Cathodes for Lithium-Ion Pseudocapacitors.” ACS Nano 10, 7572−7581 (2016). DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b02608.

D. Chien, A.N. Buditama, L.T. Schelhas, H.Y. Kang, S. Robbennolt, J.P. Chang, S.H. Tolbert, “Tuning Magnetoelectric Coupling Using Porosity In Multiferroic Nanocomposites of ALD-Grown Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 and Templated Mesoporous CoFe2O4.” Appl. Phys. Lett. 109, 112904 (2016). DOI: 10.1063/1.4962536.

A.S. Ferreira, J.C. Aguirre, S. Subramaniyan, S.A. Jenekhe, S.H. Tolbert, B.J. Schwartz, “Understanding How Polymer Properties Control OPV Device Performance: Regioregularity, Swelling, and Morphology Optimization Using Random Poly(3-butylthiophene-co-3-octylthiophene) Polymers.” J. Phys. Chem. C. 120, 22115-25 (2016). DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b03300.

J.C. Ondry, S. Robbennolt, H.Y. Kang, Y. Yan, S.H. Tolbert, “A Room Temperature, Solution Phase Method for the Synthesis of Mesoporous Metal Chalcogenide Nanocrystal Based Thin Films with Precisely Controlled Grain Sizes.” Chem. Mater. 28 6105–6117 (2016). DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b01681.

R.C. Huber, A.S. Ferreira, J.C. Aguirre, D. Kilbride, D.B. Toso, K. Mayoral, Z.H. Zhou, N. Kopidakis, Y. Rubin, B.J. Schwartz, T.G. Mason, S.H. Tolbert, “Structure and Conductivity of Semiconducting Polymer Hydrogels.” J. Phys. Chem. B 8, 6215−6224 (2016). DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b02202.

Diana Chien, , Xiang Li, , Kin Wong, Mark A. Zurbuchen, Shauna Robbennolt, Guoqiang Yu, Sarah Tolbert, Nicholas Kioussis, Pedram Khalili Amiri, , Kang L. Wang, , and Jane P. Chang, “Enhanced Voltage-Controlled Magnetic Anisotropy in Magnetic Tunnel Junctions with an Mgo/PZT/Mgo Tunnel Barrier.” Appl. Phys. Lett. 108, 112402 (2016). DOI: 10.1063/1.4943023.

M.T. Yeung, J. Lei, R. Mohammadi, C.L. Turner, Y. Wang, S.H. Tolbert, R.B. Kaner, “Superhard Monoborides: Hardness Enhancement through Alloying in W1−xTaxB.” Adv. Mater. 28, 6993–6998 (2016). DOI: 10.1002/adma.201601187.

E. Detsi, J.B. Cook, B.K. Lesel, C.L. Turner, Y.-L. Liang, S. Robbennolt, S.H. Tolbert “Mesoporous Ni60Fe30Mn10-Alloy Based Metal/Metal Oxide Composite Thick Films As Highly Active and Robust Oxygen Evolution Catalysts.” Energy Environ. Sci. 9, 540-549 (2016). DOI: 10.1039/C5EE02509E.

J.B. Cook, H.-S. Kim, Y. Yan, J.S. Ko, S. Robbennolt, B. Dunn, S.H. Tolbert, “Mesoporous MoS2 as a Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Exhibiting Pseudocapacitive Li and Na-Ion Charge Storage.” Adv. Energy Mater. 6, 1501937 (2016); DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201501937.

E. Detsi, S.H. Tolbert, S. Punzhin, J.Th.M. De Hosson, “Metallic muscles and beyond: nanofoams at work.” J. Mat. Sci. 51, 615–634 (2016). DOI:10.1007/s10853-015-9317-1. Invited review article.

S. Huang, G. Zhang, N. S. Knutson, M. T. Fontana, R. C. Huber, A. S. Ferreira, S. H. Tolbert, B. J. Schwartz and Y. Rubin, "Beyond PCBM: Methoxylated 1,4-Bisbenzyl [60]Fullerene Adducts for Efficient Organic Solar Cells," J. Mater. Chem. A 4, 416-24 (2016). DOI: 10.1039/C5TA07688A. Selected as a J. Mater. Chem. "Hot Paper".

2015

D. T. Scholes, S. A. Hawks, P. Y. Yee, H. Wu, J. R. Lindemuth, S. H. Tolbert and B. J. Schwartz, "Overcoming Film Quality Issues for Conjugated Polymers Doped with F4TCNQ by Solution Sequential Processing: Hall Effect, Structural and Optical Measurements," J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 6, 4786-93 (2015). DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b02332.

G. Zhang, S. A. Hawks, C. Ngo, L. T. Schelhas, D. T. Scholes, H. Kang, J. C. Aguirre, S. H. Tolbert and B. J. Schwartz, "Extensive Penetration of Evaporated Metal in Fullerene Films: Intercalated Metal Nanostructures and Influence on Device Architecture," ACS Appl. Mater. & Inter. 7, 25247-58 (2015). DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b06944.

M. Xie, R. Mohammadi, C.L. Turner, R.B. Kaner, A. Kavner, S.H. Tolbert, “Study of the Mechanism For Hardness Enhancement in Superhard Tungsten Tetraboride-Based Solid Solutions Using Radial X-ray Diffraction.” Appl. Phys. Lett. 107, 041903 (2015). DOI: 10.1063/1.4927596.

R.C. Huber, A.S. Ferreira, R. Thompson, D. Kilbride, N.S. Knutson, L. Sudha Devi, D.B. Toso, J.R. Challa, Z.H. Zhou, Y. Rubin, B.J. Schwartz, S.H. Tolbert, “Long-Lived Photoinduced Polaron Formation in Conjugated Polyelectrolyte/ Fullerene Assemblies.” Science 348, 1340-3, (2015); DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa6850.

Y. Hwang, A. Courtright, A. Ferreira, S.H. Tolbert, S.A. Jenekhe, “7.7% Efficient All-Polymer Solar Cells” Adv. Mater. 27, 4578-84 (2015). DOI: 10.1002/adma.201501604.

H.-S. Kim, J.B. Cook, S.H. Tolbert, B. Dunn, “The Development of Pseudocapacitive Properties in Nanosized-MoO2.” J. Electrochem. Soc. 162, A50083 – A5090 (2015). DOI: 10.1149/2.0141505jes.

G. Muller, J. Cook, H. Kim, S.H. Tolbert, B. Dunn, “High Performance Pseudocapacitor Based on 2D Layered Metal Chalcogenide Nanocrystals.” Nano Lett. 15, 1911-1917 (2015); DOI: 10.1021/nl504764m.

T.E. Quickel, L.T. Schelhas, R.A. Farrell, N. Petkov, V.H. Le, S.H. Tolbert, “Mesoporous Bismuth Ferrite with Amplified Magnetoelectric Coupling and Electric Field Induced Ferrimagnetism.” Nature Comm. 6, 6562 (2015). DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7562.

A.T. Lech, C.L. Turner, R. Mohammadi, S.H. Tolbert, R.B. Kaner, “The Structure of Super-hard Tungsten Tetraboride: A ‘Missing Link’ between MB2 and MB12 – type Higher Borides.” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 112, 3223-3228, (2015). DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1415018112.

K. Liang, A. Buditama, D. Chien, J. Cui, P.L. Cheung, S. Goljahi, S.H. Tolbert, J.P. Chang, C.S. Lynch, “The Conductivity Mechanism And An Improved C−V Model of Ferroelectric PZT Thin Film.” J. Appl. Phys. 117, 174107 (2015); DOI: 10.1063/1.4919431.

J. C. Aguirre, S. A. Hawks, A. S. Ferreira, P. Yee, S. Subramanyian, S. A. Jenekhe, S. H. Tolbert and B. J. Schwartz, "Sequential Processing for Organic Photovoltaics: Design Rules for Morphology Control by Tailored Semi-Orthogonal Solvent Blends," Adv. Energy Mater. 1402020, 5 (2015). DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201402020.

H. Li, Y.-J. Hwang, T. Earmme, R.C. Huber, C. O’Brien, S.H. Tolbert, S.A. Jenekhe, “Polymer/Polymer Blend Solar Cells Using Tetraazabenzodifluoranthene Diimide Conjugated Polymers as Electron Acceptors,” Macromolecules 48, 1759, (2015). DOI: 10.1021/ma502042k

L.T. Schelhas, M.J. Banholzer, C.A. Mirkin, S.H. Tolbert, “Magnetic Confinement and Coupling in Narrow-Diameter Au-Ni Nanowires.” J. Magnetism Magnetic Mater. 379, 239–243, (2015). DOI: 10.1016/j.jmmm.2014.12.049.

2014

L.T. Schelhas, R.A. Farrell, U. Halim, S.H. Tolbert, “Directed Self-Assembly as a Route to Ferromagnetic and Superparamagnetic Nanoparticle Arrays.” Adv. Func. Mater. 24, 6956-6962, (2014).

G. Zhang, R. Huber, A. Ferreira, S.D. Body, C.K. Luscombe, S.H. Tolbert, B.J. Schwartz, " Crystallinity Effects in Sequentially-Processed and Blend-Cast Bulk Heterojunction Polymer/Fullerene Photovoltaics. " J. Phys. Chem. C. 118, 18424-35 (2014).

V.H. Le and S. H. Tolbert, “Organization and Controlled Coupling Between Soft And Hard Magnetic Nanocrystals Using Mesoporous Materials.” Appl. Phys. Lett. Mater. 2, 113309 (2014).

M. Xie, R. Mohammadi, C.L. Turner, R.B. Kaner, A. Kavner, S.H. Tolbert, “Lattice stress states of superhard tungsten tetraboride from radial x-ray diffraction under nonhydrostatic compression.” Phys. Rev. B 90, 104104 (2014).

S.A. Hawks, J.C. Aguirre, L.T. Schelhas, R.J. Thompson, R.C. Huber, A.S. Ferreira, G. Zhang, A.A. Herzing, S.H. Tolbert, B.J. Schwartz, “Comparing Matched Polymer:Fullerene Solar Cells Made By Solution Sequential Processing and Traditional Blend Casting: Nanoscale Structure and Device Performance. J. Phys. Chem. C 118, 17413-25 (2014).

I.E. Rauda, V. Augustyn, L.C. Saldarriaga-Lopez, X. Chen, L.T. Schelhas, G.W. Rubloff, B. Dunn, S.H. Tolbert, “Nanostructured Pseudocapacitors Based on Atomic Layer Deposition of V2O5 onto Conductive Nanocrystal-Based Mesoporous ITO Scaffolds.” Adv. Func. Mater. 24, 6717–6728 (2014).

M. Xie, B. Winkler, Z. Mao, R.B. Kaner, A. Kavner, S.H. Tolbert, “Raman Scattering From Superhard Rhenium Diboride Under High Pressure. Appl. Phys. Lett., 104, 011904 (2014).

J. Aguirre, A. Ferreira, H. Ding, S. Jenekhe, N. Kopidakis, M. Asta, L. Pilon, Y. Rubin, S.H. Tolbert, B.J. Schwartz, B. Dunn, V. Ozolins. "Panoramic View of Electrochemical Pseudocapacitor and Organic Solar Cell Research in Molecularly Engineered Energy Materials (MEEM)." J. Phys. Chem. 118, 19505-19523 (2014).

J.C. Aguirre, C. Arntsen, S. Hernandez, R. Huber, A.M. Nardes, M. Halim, D. Kilbride, Y. Rubin, S.H. Tolbert, N. Kopidakis, B.J. Schwartz, D. Neuhauser. “Understanding Local and Macroscopic Electron Mobilities in the Fullerene Network of Conjugated Polymer-based Solar Cells: Time-Resolved Microwave Conductivity and Theory.” Adv. Func. Mater. 24, 784-792 (2014).

2013

V. Augustyn, J. Come, M.A. Lowe, J.W. Kim, P.L. Taberna, S.H. Tolbert, H.D. Abruna, P. Simon, B. Dunn, “High-Rate Electrochemical Energy Storage Through Li+ Intercalation Pseudocapacitance.” Nature Mater. 12, 518-522 (2013).

I.E. Rauda, V. Augustyn, B. Dunn, S.H. Tolbert “Enhancing Pseudocapacitive Charge Storage In Polymer Templated Mesoporous Materials.” Acct. Chem. Res. 46, 1113-1124 (2013).

H.K.D. Kim, L.T. Schelhas, S. Keller, J.L. Hockel, S.H. Tolbert, G.P. Carman “Magnetoelectric Control of the Superparamagnetic Limit.” Nano Lett. 13, 884−888 (2013).

I.E. Rauda, L.C. Saldarriaga-Lopez, B.A. Helms, L.T. Schelhas, D. Membreno, D.J. Milliron, S.H. Tolbert, “Nanoporous Semiconductors Synthesized Through Polymer Templating of Ligand-Stripped CdSe Nanocrystals”, Adv. Mater., 25, 1315–1322 (2013).

A.P.-Z. Clark, C. Shi, J.N. Wilking, A. Ayzner, B.C. Ng, A.Z. Stieg, B.J. Schwartz, T.G. Mason, Y. Rubin, S.H. Tolbert “Self-Assembling Semiconducting Polymers – Rods and Gels from Electronic Materials.” ACS Nano. 7, 962–977 (2013).

I.E. Rauda, R. Senter, S.H. Tolbert “Directing Anisotropic Charge Transport of Layered Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Semiconductors in Porous Templates.” J. Mater. Chem. C, 1, 1423-1427 (2013).

2012

R. Mohammadi, M. Xie, A.T. Lech, C.L. Turner, A. Kavner, S.H. Tolbert, R.B. Kaner “Toward Inexpensive Superhard Materials: Tungsten Tetraboride-Based Solid Solutions.” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134, 20660-8 (2012).

I.E. Rauda, R. Buonsanti, L.C. Saldarriaga-Lopez, K. Benjauthrit, L.T. Schelhas, M. Stefik, V. Augustyn, J. Ko, B. Dunn, U. Wiesner, D.J. Milliron, S.H. Tolbert “A General Method for the Synthesis of Hierarchical Nanocrystal-Based Mesoporous Materials.” ACS Nano 6 6386-6399 (2012).

A. Kavner, M.B. Weinberger, A. Shahar, R.W. Cumberland, J.B. Levine, R.B. Kaner, S.H. Tolbert “Lattice Strain of Osmium Diboride Under High Pressure and Nonhydrostatic Stress.” J. Appl. Phys. 112, 013526 (2012).

J. Fang, C.B. Kang, Y. Huang, S.H. Tolbert, L. Pilon “Thermal Conductivity of Ordered Mesoporous Nanocrystalline Silicon Thin Films Made from Magnesium Reduction of Polymer-Templated Silica.” J. Phys. Chem. C. 116 12926-12933 (2012).

R.D. Kennedy, M. Halim, S. I. Khan, B.J. Schwartz, S.H. Tolbert and Y. Rubin “Crystal Packing Motifs for a Series of 6,9,12,15,18-Pentaaryl-1-hydro[60]fullerenes.” Chem. Eur. J. 18, 7418-33 (2012).

M. Xie, R. Mohammadi, Z. Mao, M.M. Armentrout, A. Kavner, R.B. Kaner, S.H. Tolbert “Exploring the high-pressure behavior of superhard tungsten tetraboride.” Phys. Rev. B 85, 064118 (2012).

2011

C. J. Tassone, A.L. Ayzner, R.D. Kennedy, M. Halim, M. So, Y. Rubin, S.H. Tolbert and B.J. Schwartz "Using Pentaaryl Fullerenes to Understand Network Formation in Conjugated Polymer-Based Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells," J. Phys. Chem. C. 115, 22563-71 (2011).

A. Kavner, M.M. Armentrout, E.S.G. Rainey, M. Xie, B.E. Weaver, S.H. Tolbert, R.B. Kaner “Thermoelastic Properties of ReB2 at High Pressures and Temperatures and Comparison with Pt, Os, and Re.” J. Appl. Phys. 110. 093518 (2011).

B.C. Ng, S.T. Chan, J. Lin, S.H. Tolbert “Using Polymer Conformation to Control Architecture in Semiconducting Polymer/Viral Capsid Assemblies.” ACS Nano, 5, 7730-7738, (2011).

J. Fang, C. Reitz, T. Brezesinski, E.J. Nemanick, C.B. Kang, S.H. Tolbert, L. Pilon “Thermal Conductivity of Highly-Ordered Mesoporous Titania Thin Films from 30 to 320 K.” J. Phys. Chem. C, 115, 14606-14614 (2011).

R. Mohammadi, A.T. Lech, M. Xie, B.E. Weaver, M.T. Yeung, S.H. Tolbert, R.B. Kaner “Tungsten Tetraboride, an Inexpensive Superhard Material.” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 108 10958-10962 (2011).

T. Brezesinski, J. Wang, S.H. Tolbert, B. Dunn “Next Generation Pseudocapacitor Materials From Sol-Gel Derived Transition Metal Oxides.” J. Sol-Gel Sci. Tech. 57, 330-335 (2011).

A.J. Hong, J. Kim, K. Kim, Y. Wang, F. Xiu, J. Jeon, J. Park, I. Rauda, L.-M. Chen, Y. Yang, S. Tolbert, J. Zou, K.L. Wang “Cr metal thin film memory.” J. Appl. Phys. 110, 054504 (2011).

K. Brezesinski, J. Haetge, S. Mascotto, J. Wang, A. Rein, J. Perlich, S.H. Tolbert, B. Dunn, T. Brezesinski" Ordered Mesoporous α-Fe2O3 (Hematite) Thin Film Electrodes For Application in Rechargeable Lithium Batteries.” Small, 7, 407-414 (2011).

B.C. Ng, S.T. Chan, J. Lin, and S.H. Tolbert "Using Polymer Conformation to Control Architecture in Semiconducting Polymer/Viral Capsid Assemblies." ACS Nano, 5, 7730-7738 (2011).

2010

J. Yang, V. A. Kickhoefer, B. C. Ng, A. Gopal, L. A. Bentolila, S. John, S. H. Tolbert, and L. H. Rome "Vaults Are Dynamically Unconstrained Cytoplasmic Nanoparticles Capable of Half Vault Exchange." ACS Nano, 4, 7229-7240 (2010).

T. E. Quickel, V. H. Le, T. Brezensinski, S. H. Tolbert "On the Correlation between Nanoscale Structure and Magnetic Properties in Ordered Mesoporous Cobalt Ferrite (CoFe2O4) Thin Films." Nano Lett., 10, 2982-2988 (2010).

T. Brezesinski, J. Wang, S.H. Tolbert, and B. Dunn "Ordered mesoporous alpha-MoO3 with iso-oriented nanocrystalline walls for thin-film pseudocapacitors." Nature Mater., 9, 146-151 (2010).

T. Brezesinski, J. Wang, R. Senter, K. Brezesinski, B. Dunn, and S.H. Tolbert "On the Correlation between Mechanical Flexibility, Nanoscale Structure, and Charge Storage in Periodic Mesoporous CeO2 Thin Films." ACS Nano, 4, 967-977 (2010).

2009

J.B. Levine, S.H. Tolbert, and R.B. Kaner "Advances in the Search for Superhard Ultra-Incompressible Metal Borides." Adv. Func. Mater., 19, 3519-3533 (2009).

A. L. Ayzner, C. J. Tassone, S. H. Tolbert, and B. J. Schwartz "Reappraising the Need for Bulk Heterojunctions in Polymer-Fullerene Photovoltaics: The Role of Carrier Transport in All-Solution-Processed P3HT/PCBM Bilayer Solar Cells." J. Phys. Chem. C, 113, 20050 (2009).

B. Tremolet de Villers, C. J. Tassone, S. H. Tolbert, and B. J. Schwartz "Improving the Reproducibility of P3HT:PCBM Solar Cells by Controlling the PCBM:Cathode Interface." J. Phys. Chem. C, 113, 18978 (2009).

X. Chen, B.L. Kirsch, R. Senter, S.H. Tolbert, and V. Gupta "Tensile Testing of Thin Films Supported on Compliant Substrates." Mechanics Mater., 41, 839-848 (2009).

Coquil, E.K. Richman, N.J. Hutchinson, S.H. Tolbert, and L. Pilon "Thermal Conductivity of Cubic and Hexagonal Mesoporous Silica Thin Films." J. Appl. Phys., 106, 034910 (2009).

S.D. Korlann, A.E. Riley, B.S. Mun, and S.H. Tolbert "Chemical Tuning of the Electronic Properties of Nanostructured Semiconductor Films formed through Surfactant Templating of Zintl Cluster." J. Phys. Chem. C, 113, 7697-7705 (2009).

M.B. Weinberger, J.B. Levine, H.-Y. Chung, R.W. Cumberland, H.I. Rasool, J.-M. Yang, R.B. Kaner, and S.H. Tolbert "Incompressibility and Hardness of Solid Solution Transition Metal Diborides: Ru1-xOsxB2." Chem. Mater., 21, 1915-1921 (2009).

T. Brezesinski, J. Wang, J. Polleux, B. Dunn, and S.H. Tolbert "Templated Nanocrystal Based Porous TiO2 Films for Next Generation Electrochemical Capacitors." J. Am. Chem. Soc., 131, 1802-1809, (2009).

2008

R.D. Kennedy, A.L. Ayzner, D.D. Wanger, C.T Day, M. Halim, S.I. Khan, S.H. Tolbert, B.J. Schwartz, and Y. Rubin "Self-Assembling Fullerenes for Improved Bulk-Heterojunction Photovoltaic Devices." J. Am. Chem. Soc., 130, 17290-17292 (2008).

A.L. Ayzner, D.D. Wanger, C.J. Tassone, S.H. Tolbert and B.J. Schwartz "Room to Improve Conjugated Polymer-Based Solar Cells: Understanding how Thermal Annealing Affects the Fullerene Component of a Bulk Heterojunction Photovoltaic Device." J. Phys. Chem. C, 112, 18711-18716 (2008).

X. Chen, E.K. Richman, B.L. Kirsch, R. Senter, S.H. Tolbert, and V. Gupta "Measurement of anisotropic fracture energies in periodic templated silica/polymer composite coatings." J. Appl Phys., 104, 083515 (2008).

E.K. Richman, T. Brezesinski, and S.H. Tolbert "Vertically Oriented Hexagonal Mesoporous Films Formed through Nanometer Scale Epitaxy." Nature Mat., 7, 712-717 (2008).

E.K. Richman, C.B. Kang, T. Brezesinski, and S.H. Tolbert "Ordered Mesoporous Silicon through Magnesium Reduction of Polymer Templated Silica Thin Films." Nano Lett., 8, 3075-3079 (2008).

B.C. Ng, M. Yu, L.H. Rome, H.G. Monbouquette, S.H. Tolbert "Encapsulation of Semiconducting Polymers in Vault Protein Cages."Nano Lett., 8, 3503-3509 (2008).

M. Yu, B.C. Ng, L.H. Rome, S.H. Tolbert, and H.G. Monbouquette "Reversible pH Lability of Crosslinked Vault Nanocapsules.” Nano Lett., 8, 3510-3515 (2008).

H.Y.Chung, M.B. Weinberger, J.M. Yang, S.H. Tolbert, and R. B. Kaner "Correlation Between Hardness And Elastic Moduli Of The Ultraincompressible Transition Metal Diborides RuB2, OsB2, and ReB2." Appl. Phys. Lett., 92, 261904 (2008).

S. Virji, B.H. Weiller, J. Huang, H. Shepherd, T. Faltens, P.C. Haussmann, R. Blair, R.B. Kaner, and S.H. Tolbert "Construction of a Polyaniline Nanofiber Gas Sensor.” J. Chem. Ed., 85, 1102-1104 (2008).

M.B. Weinberger, S.H. Tolbert, and A. Kavner "Osmium Metal Studied Under High Pressure and Nonhydrostatic Stress." Phys. Rev. Lett., 100, 045506 (2008).

H.-Y. Chung, J.-M. Yang, S.H. Tolbert and R.B. Kaner "Anisotropic Mechanical Properties Of Ultra-Incompressible, Hard Osmium Diboride." J. Mater. Res., 23, 1797-1801 (2008).

2007

H.-Y. Chung, M.B. Weinberger, J.B. Levine, R. W. Cumberland, A. Kavner, J.-M. Yang, S.H. Tolbert and R.B. Kaner "Response to Comment on "Synthesis of Ultra-Incompressible Superhard Rhenium Diboride at Ambient Pressure." Science, 318, 1550 (2007).

I.B. Martini, I.M. Craig, W.C. Molenkamp, H. Miyata, S.H. Tolbert, and B.J. Schwartz "Controlling Optical Gain in Semiconducting Polymers by Nanoscale Chain Positioning and Alignment." Nature Nanotech., 2, 647-652 (2007).

H.-Y. Chung, M.B. Weinberger, J.B. Levine, A. Kavner, J.-M. Yang, and S.H. Tolbert "Synthesis of Ultra-Incompressible Superhard Rhenium Diboride at Ambient Pressure.” Science, 316, 436-439 (2007).

A.E. Riley and S.H. Tolbert "Synthesis and Characterization of Tin Telluride Inorganic/Organic Composite Materials with Nanoscale Periodicity Through Solution-phase Self-assembly: A New Class of Composite Materials Based on Zintl Cluster Self-oligomerization." Res. Chem. Intermed., 33, 111-124 (2007).

2006

L.C. Huang, E.K. Richman, B.L. Kirsch, and S.H. Tolbert "Controlling Thickness in Hexagonal Polymer Templated Mesoporous Silica Films." Microporous and Mesoporous Mater., 96, 341-349 (2006).

A. P.-Z. Clark, A.J. Cadby, C. K-F Shen, Y.F. Rubin, and S.H. Tolbert "Synthesis and Self-Assembly of an Amphiphilic Poly(phenylene ethynylene) Ionomer." J. Phys. Chem. B, 110, 22088-22096 (2006).

D. Sun, A.E. Riley, A.J. Cadby, E.K. Richman, S.D. Korlann, and S.H. Tolbert "Hexagonal Nanoporous Germanium Through Surfactant-driven Self-Assembly of Zintl clusters." Nature, 441, 1126-1130 (2006).

A.E. Riley, S.D. Korlann, E.K. Richman, and S.H. Tolbert "Synthesis of Semiconducting Thin Films with Nanometer-Scale Periodicity by Solution-Phase Coassembly of Zintl Clusters with Surfactants." Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 45, 235-241 (2006).

2005

S.D. Korlann, A.E. Riley, B.L. Kirsch, B.S. Mun, and S.H. Tolbert "Chemical Tuning of the Electronic Properties in a Periodic Surfactant-Templated Nanostructured Semiconductor." J. Am. Chem. Soc., 127, 12516-12527 (2005).

A.J. Cadby and S.H. Tolbert “Controlling Optical Properties and Interchain Interactions in Semiconducting Polymers by Encapsulation in Periodic Nanoporous Silicas with Different Pore Sizes." J. Phys. Chem. B, 109, 17879-17886 (2005).

A. P.-Z. Clark, K-F Shen, Y.F. Rubin, and S.H. Tolbert "An Amphiphilic Poly(phenylene ethynylene) as the Structure-Directing Agent for Periodic Nanoscale silica Composite Materials." Nano Lett., 5, 1647-1652 (2005).

B.L. Kirsch, X. Chen, E.K. Richman, V. Gupta, and S.H. Tolbert "Probing the Effects of Nanoscale Architecture on the Mechanical Properties of Hexagonal Silica/Polymer Composite Thin Films." Adv. Funct. Mater. 15, 1319-1327 (2005).

O. Trofymulk, A.A. Levchenko, S.H. Tolbert, and A. Navrotsky "Energetics of Mesoporous Silica: Investigation into Pore Size and Symmetry." Chem. Mater., 17, 3772-3783 (2005).

R.B. Kaner, J.J. Gilman, and S.H. Tolbert "Materials science – Designing Superhard Materials." Science, 308, 1268-1269 (2005).

R.W. Cumberland, M.B. Weinberger, J.J. Gilman, S. M. Clark, S.H. Tolbert, and R. B. Kaner "Osmium Diboride, An Ultra-Incompressible, Hard Material." J. Am. Chem. Soc., 127, 7264-7265 (2005).

A. Rugge, J.S. Park, R.G. Gordon, and S.H. Tolbert "Tantalum(V) Nitride Inverse Opals as Photonic Structures for Visible Wavelengths." J. Phys. Chem. B, 109, 3764-3771 (2005).

A.M. Lapeña, A.F. Gross, and S.H. Tolbert "Examining the Role of Surfactant Packing in Phase Transformation of Periodic Templated Silica/Surfactant Composites." Langmuir, 21, 470-480 (2005).

2004

A. Cadby and S.H. Tolbert "Control Of Optical Polaron Production In Semiconducting Polymers Using Host-Guest Chemistry In Hexagonal Nanoporous Silica."Polym. Preprints, 45, 208-209 (2004).

D. Sun, C.W. Kwon, G. Baure, E.K. Richman, J. MacLean, B. Dunn, and S.H. Tolbert "The Relationship Between Nanoscale Structure and Electrochemical Properties of Vanadium Oxide Nanorolls." Adv. Funct. Mater. 14, 1197-1204 (2004).

B.L. Kirsch, A.E. Riley, A.F. Gross, and S.H. Tolbert "Probing the Effects of Interfacial Chemistry on the Kinetics of Phase Transitions in Amorphous and Tetragonal Zirconia Nanocrystals." Langmuir, 20, 11247-11254 (2004).

B.L. Kirsch, E.K. Richman, A.E. Riley, and S.H. Tolbert "In-Situ X-ray Diffraction Study of the Crystallization Kinetics of Mesoporous Titania Films."J. Phys. Chem. B, 108, 12698-12706 (2004).

W. Molenkamp, H. Miyata, and S.H. Tolbert, "Highly Polarized Luminescence from Optical Quality Films of Semiconducting Polymers Aligned within Oriented Mesoporous Silica."J. Am. Chem. Soc., 126, 4476-4477 (2004).

2003

A. Rugge, J.S. Becker, R.G. Gordon, and S.H. Tolbert, "Tungsten Nitride Inverse Opals by Atomic Layer Deposition.” Nano Lett., 3, 1293-1297 (2003).

A. Rugge, W.T. Ford, and S.H. Tolbert, "From a Colloidal Crystal to an Interconnected Colloidal Array: a Mechanism for a Spontaneous Rearrangement." Langmuir, 19, 7852-7861, (2003).

A.E. Riley, G.W. Mitchell, P.A. Koutentis, M. Bendikov, P. Kaszynki, F. Wudl, and S.H. Tolbert, "Liquid Crystalline Phase Behavior in a Zwitterionic Tetraazapentacene." Adv. Func. Mater., 13, 531-540 (2003).

A.F. Gross, M.R. Diehl, K.C. Beverly, E.K. Richman, and S.H. Tolbert, "Controlling Magnetic Coupling between Cobalt Nanoparticles through Nanoscale Confinement in Hexagonal Mesoporous Silica." J. Phys. Chem. B, 107, 5475-5482 (2003).

B.L. Kirsch and S.H. Tolbert "Stabilization of Isolated Hydrous Amorphous and Tetragonal Zirconia Nanoparticles Through the Formation of a Passivating Alumina Shell." Adv. Func. Mater., 13, 281-288 (2003).

A.E. Riley and S.H. Tolbert, "Synthesis of Periodic Hexagonal Surfactant Templated Platinum Tin Tellurides – Narrow Band Gap Inorganic/Organic Composites." J. Am. Chem. Soc., 125, 4551-4559 (2003).

A.F. Gross, S.Yang, A. Navrotsky, and S.H. Tolbert, "In-Situ Calorimetric Study of the Hexagonal-to-Lamellar Phase Transformation in a Silica/Surfactant Composite." J. Phys. Chem. B, 107, 2709-2718 (2003).

2002

A.M. Lapeña, J.J. Wu, A.F. Gross, and S.H. Tolbert, "Using High Pressure Phase Stability to Determine the Internal Pressure of Silica/Surfactant Composites." J. Phys. Chem. B, 106, 11720-11724 (2002).

A. Rugge and S.H. Tolbert, "The Effect Of Electrostatic Interactions On Crystallization In Binary Colloidal Films." Langmuir, 18, 7057-7065 (2002).

J. Wu, L. Zhao, E.L. Chronister, and S.H. Tolbert, "Elasticity through Nanoscale Distortions in Periodic Surfactant Templated Porous Silica under High Pressure." J. Phys. Chem. B., 106, 5613-5621 (2002).

A.F. Gross, V.H. Le, B.L. Kirsch, and S.H. Tolbert, "Chemical Control of Phase Transformation Kinetics in Periodic Silica/Surfactant Composites." J. Am. Chem. Soc., 124, 3713-3724 (2002).

2001

A.F. Gross, V.H. Le, B.L. Kirsch, A.E. Riley, and S.H. Tolbert, "Correlations Between Silica Chemistry and Structural Changes in Hydrothermally Treated Hexagonal Silica/Surfactant Composites Examined by In-Situ X-ray Diffraction."Chem. Mater., 13, 3571-3579 (2001).

31. A.F. Gross, V.H. Le, B.L. Kirsch, S.H. Tolbert, "Understanding Phase Stability in Silica/Surfactant Composites through the Study of a Curvature Driven Rectangular Intermediate." Langmuir, 17 3496-3504 (2001).

S.H. Tolbert, C.C. Landry, G.D. Stucky, B.F. Chmelka, P. Norby, J. Hanson, and A. Monnier, “Phase Transitions in Mesostructured Silica/Surfactant Composites – Surfactant Packing and the Role of Charge Density Matching." Chem. Mater, 13, 2247-2256 (2001).

S.H. Tolbert, J. Wu, A.F. Gross, T.-Q. Nguyen, and B.J. Schwartz, "Directional Energy Migration in an Oriented Nanometer-Scale Host/Guest Composite: Semiconducting Polymers Threaded into Mesoporous Silica."Microporous Mesoporous Mater., 44-45, 445-451 (2001).

A.F. Gross, E.J. Ruiz, V. Le, and S.H. Tolbert, "The Role of Silica Chemistry in Controlling Phase Transitions in Silica/Surfactant Composite Materials."Microporous Mesoporous Mater., 44-45, 785-791 (2001).

T.-Q. Nguyen, J. Wu, S. H. Tolbert, B. J. Schwartz "Control of Energy Transport in Conjugated Polymers using an Ordered Mesoporous Silica Matrix." Adv. Mater., 13, 609-611, 542 (2001).

C.C. Landry, S.H. Tolbert, K.W. Gallis, A. Monnier, G.D. Stucky, P. Norby, and J.C. Hanson, "Phase Transitions in Mesostructured Silica/Surfactant Composites. Mechanisms for Change and Applications to Materials Synthesis." Chem. Mater, 13, 1600-1608 (2001).

J. Wu, M. Abu-Omar, S.H. Tolbert, "Fluorescent Probes of the Molecular Environment within Mesostructured Silica/Surfactant Composites under High Pressure." Nano Lett., 1, 27-31 (2001).

B.J. Schwartz, T.-Q. Nguyen, J. Wu, and S.H. Tolbert, "Interchain and Intrachain Exciton Transport in Conjugated Polymers: Ultrafast Studies of Energy Migration in Aligned MEH-PPV/Mesoporous Silica Composites." Synthetic Metals, 116, 35-40 (2001).

2000

J. Wu, X. Liu, and S.H. Tolbert, "High Pressure Stability in Ordered Mesoporous Silicas – Rigidity and Elasticity through Nanometer Scale Arches." J. Phys. Chem. B., 104, 11837-11841 (2000).

A.F. Gross, E.J. Ruiz, and S.H. Tolbert, "Effect of Framework Polymerization on the Phase Stability of Periodic Silica/Surfactant Nanostructured Composites." J. Phys. Chem. B, 104, 5448-5461 (2000).

T.-Q. Nguyen, J. Wu, V. Doan, B.J. Schwartz, and S.H. Tolbert, "Control of Energy Transfer in Oriented Conjugated Polymer-Mesoporous Silica Composites." Science, 288, 652-656 (2000).

1999

J. Wu, A.F. Gross, and S.H. Tolbert, "Host Guest Chemistry Using an Oriented Mesoporous Host: Alignment and Isolation of a Semiconducting Polymer in the Nano-Pores of an Ordered Silica Matrix." J. Phys. Chem. B., 103, 2374-2384 (1999).

A.B. Herhold, C.C. Chen, C.S. Johnson, S.H. Tolbert, and A.P. Alivisatos, "Structural Transformations and Metastability in Semiconductor Nanocrystals." Phase Transitions, 68, 1-25 (1999).

1997

S.H. Tolbert, A. Firouzi, G.D. Stucky, and B.F. Chmelka, "Magnetic Field Alignment of Ordered Silicate-Surfactant Composites and Mesoporous Silica." Science, 278, 264-268 (1997).

Firouzi, D.J. Schaefer, S.H. Tolbert, G.D. Stucky, and B.F. Chmelka, "Magnetic-Field-Induced Orientational Ordering of Alkaline Lyotropic Silicate-Surfactant Liquid Crystals." J. Am. Chem. Soc., 119, 9466-9477 (1997).

S.H. Tolbert, P. Sieger, G.D. Stucky, S.M.J. Aubin, C.-C. Wu, and D.N. Hendrickson, "Control of Inorganic Layer Thickness in Self-Assembled Iron Oxide/Surfactant Composites." J. Am. Chem. Soc., 119, 8652-8661 (1997).

S.H. Tolbert, T.E. Schäffer, J. Feng, P.K. Hansma, and G.D. Stucky, "A New Phase of Oriented Mesoporous Silicate Thin Films." Chem. Mater., 9, 1962-1967 (1997).

P.F. Feng, X. Bu, S.H. Tolbert, and G.D. Stucky, "Synthesis and Characterizations of Chiral Tetrahedral Cobalt Phosphates with Zeolite ABW and Related Frameworks." J. Am. Chem. Soc., 119, 2497-2504 (1997).

A.V. Kadavanich, A. Mews, S.H. Tolbert, X. Peng, M.C. Schlamp, J.C. Lee, and A.P. Alivisatos, "Structural Investigations Of Colloidal Semiconductor Nanocrystal Heterostructures: Faceting And Epitaxy" Advances in Microcrystalline and Nanocrystalline Semiconductors. R.W. Collins, P.M. Fauchet, I. Shimizu, and J.-C. Vial, eds. Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., 452, 353-358 (1997).

1996

A.M. Belcher, C. Zaremba, Q. Huo, C.C. Landry, S.H. Tolbert, A. Firouzi, M. Janicke, P.K. Hansma, D. E. Morse, B.F. Chmelka, S. Schacht, I.G. Voigt-Martin, F. Schüth, and G.D. Stucky, "The Organic/Inorganic Interface and Materials Synthesis in the Nano- to Macroscale Continuum" Chemistry on the Nanometer Scale, the Robert A. Welch Foundation 40th Conference on Chemical Research , (Robert A. Welch Foundation, Houston TX, 1996) pp. 101-112.

S.H. Tolbert, A.B. Herhold, L.E. Brus, and A.P. Alivisatos, "Pressure Induced Structural Transformations in Silicon Nanocrystals: Surface and Shape Effects." Phys. Rev. Lett., 76, 4384-4387 (1996).

1 A.B. Herhold, S.H. Tolbert, A.A. Guzelian, and A.P. Alivisatos, "A Comparison of Pressure-Induced Structural Transformations in CdSe, InP, and Si Nanocrystals." Fine Particles Science and Technology From Micro to Nanoparticles, E. Pilizzetti, Ed., NATO ASI Proceedings (Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1996) pp. 331-342.

1995

S.H. Tolbert and A.P. Alivisatos, "High Pressure Phase Transitions in Semiconductor Nanocrystals." Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem., 46, 595-625 (1995).

S.H. Tolbert, A.P. Alivisatos, "The Wurtzite to Rock Salt Structural Transformation in CdSe Nanocrystals under High Pressure." J. Chem. Phys., 102, 4642-4656 (1995).

1994

S.H. Tolbert, A.B. Herhold, C.S. Johnson, and A.P Alivisatos, "A Comparison of Quantum Confinement Effects on the Electronic Absorption Spectra of Direct and Indirect Gap Semiconductor Nanocrystals." Phys. Rev. Lett., 73, 3266-3269 (1994).

S.H. Tolbert and A.P Alivisatos, "Size Dependence of a First Order Solid-Solid Phase Transition: The Wurtzite to Rock Salt Transformation in CdSe Nanocrystals." Science, 265, 373-376 (1994).

1993

S.H. Tolbert and A.P Alivisatos, "Se EXAFS Study of the Elevated Wurtzite to Rock Salt Structural Phase Transition in CdSe Nanocrystals" Nanophase Materials: Synthesis Properties-Applications, G.C. Hadipanayis and R.W. Siegel, eds., NATO ASI Proceedings (Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1993) pp. 471-482.

S.H. Tolbert and A.P Alivisatos, "Size Dependence of the Solid-Solid Phase Transition in CdSe Nanocrystals." Zeit. Phys. D - Atoms, Molecules and Clusters, 26, 56-58 (1993)

1992

S.H. Tolbert, A.P. Alivisatos, H.E. Lorenzana, M.B. Kruger, and R. Jeanloz, "Raman Studies on C60 at High Pressures and Low Temperatures." Chem. Phys. Lett., 188, 163-167 (1992).

1990

J.R Heath, J.M. Hawkins, A.P. Alivisatos, R.J. Saykally, T.A. Lewis, S.D. Loren, A. Meyer, Y. Shibato, S.H. Tolbert, and J.J. Shiang, "C60 Research at the University of California at Berkeley." Proc. of the 1990 Materials Research Conference, Boston, MA, Nov. 25-29 (1990).

R.B. Markowitz, S. Tolbert, and W.S. Dynan, "Promoter Evolution in BK Virus: Functional Elements Are Created at Sequence Junctions." J. Virology, 64, 2411-2415 (1990).